Three lateral divergent pinning for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children

Abstract

Introductions: Cross or two lateral pinnings are the most commonly done
procedures for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children. A
crossed pin is biomechanically stable than lateral pins, but associated with
risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Recent studies have shown stable fixation
with three lateral pin construct. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
efficacy of three lateral divergent pinning for displaced supracondylar humerus
fractures.

Methods: Thirty five children with Gartland types III were treated between
November 2012 and November 2013. Closed reduction and three lateral
divergent pinning was done with image intensifier guidance. Patients were
followed up for minimum 6 months. Radiological assessment was done to see
union, proper pin placement and loss of reduction. Clinically, patients were
assessed by using Flynn criteria.

Results: There were 24 (68.6%) male and 11 (31.4%) female children between
2 to 13 years of age with displaced supracondylar fractures, left side 26 (74.3%) and right nine (25.7%) cases. All were successfully managed with closed reduction and three lateral divergent pins within 2-6 days of injury. One radial and one median nerve palsies sustained at injury recovered spontaneously. No iatrogenic nerve injuries occurred. A comparison of perioperative and final radiographs revealed no loss of reduction. Twenty-seven excellent, five good, two fair and one poor results on Flynn’s grading. One patient had a superficial pin-tract infection.

Conclusions: Closed reduction with three lateral divergent pins is safe for stable
fixation of displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children.

Keywords: children, humerus, percutaneous pinning, supracondylar fracture